|
The ''Turba Philosophorum'', also known as ''Assembly of the Philosophers'', is one of the oldest European alchemy texts, translated from the Arabic, like the Picatrix.〔S.H. Nasr (2006), ''Islamic Philosophy from Its Origin to the Present: Philosophy in the Land of Prophecy'', State University of New York Press, p. 147〕 It is considered to have been written c. 900 A.D. ==The Text== To quote Plessner, “the ''Turba Philosophorum'', written c. 900 A.D., is a well planned and, from a literary point of view, a most remarkable attempt to put Greek alchemy into the Arabic language and to adapt it to Islamic science.” 〔Martin Plessner, ''The Place of the Turba Philosophorum in the Development of Alchemy'' ISIS, Vol. 45, No. 4, Dec. 1954, pp. 331-338〕 Nine philosophers take part in a discussion, being, once the text has been transcribed back to the original Arabic, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Archelaus, Leucippus, Ecphantus, Pythagoras and Xenophanes. The statements of the philosophers, whilst usually different from the known beliefs of the pre-Socratics, are usually recognisable as outgrowths of Greek philosophy. They discuss matter, how it acts, and relate this to cosmology, with three theses presented by Xenophanes in his closing speech, being, again from Plessner: “1) The creator of the World is Allah, the God of Islam; 2) The world is of a uniform nature; 3) All creatures of the upper as well as of the lower world are composed of all four elements.” 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turba Philosophorum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|